The effect of incentive structures on driver behaviour and urban road safety in Addis Ababa

Policy brief Cities and Sustainable Growth

This pilot study in Addis Ababa examines how financial and non-financial incentives influence minibus driver behaviour using high-frequency GPS safety data. It finds that public safety score disclosure modestly improves driving behaviour, while financial penalties are less effective, suggesting scalable non-financial approaches to enhance road safety.

  • This brief explores findings from a pilot study of minibus drivers in Addis Ababa seeking to understand how financial and non-financial incentives can improve their driving behaviour and road safety outcomes.
  • GPS monitoring devices were installed in 50 minibuses, which captured high-frequency road safety alerts, including speeding (> 70 km/hr) and sharp braking.
  • A non-financial incentive where drivers are added to a Telegram group chat and their weekly safety scores (i.e. the number of safety alerts they generate) are revealed to the group, leads to a small decrease in speeding and sharp breaking (one to two fewer safety alerts per week). 
  • In comparison, a financial incentive where drivers are given a maximum prospective weekly bonus with a small amount deducted for every safety alert they trigger is less effective.
  • This brief highlights some preliminary, suggestive evidence that non-financial incentives can be an effective and feasible tool to improve road safety outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa, and recommends a scaled-up version of the pilot study to more precisely measure effects and guide policymaking in this space.