IGC Evidence Papers - Cities

Building on our 2021 evidence paper, this review investigates the economic dynamics and challenges of urbanisation in low- and middle-income countries. It emphasises the advantages of agglomeration, urban productivity, and migration, exploring how cities can become centres of opportunity by enhancing infrastructure, governance, and public services while addressing threats from climate change, disease, congestion, and crime. The review calls for more research and effective government policies to improve these areas, making urban centres safer, more efficient, and more resilient. In addition to presenting the latest evidence, we highlight key knowledge gaps and suggest areas for future research.