Maximising domestic value-added in African exports: The role of rules of origin

Policy brief Trade

This policy brief provides actionable recommendations for policymakers to enhance the role of Rules of Origin (RoO) in increasing domestic value-added in African preferential exports.

  • Rules of origin (RoO) are integral to preferential trade arrangements. They ensure exports are produced in beneficiary nations by specifying a minimum level of processing. If RoO are too restrictive, they reduce the ability of exporting firms to utilise trade preferences.
  • We combine a theoretical and empirical framework to estimate value-added maximising RoO for African countries.
  • We find significant cross-country heterogeneity in the RoO that would maximise domestic value added in preferential exports. Estimates range from 26% for Uganda and Kenya to as much as 78% for South Africa.
  • The estimates for Uganda and Kenya are below what is currently required in EU preferential trade regimes and the African Continental Free Trade Area, suggesting a need for less restrictive policies.